If you’ve been asked to pay tax in July, it’s likely a payment on account. Here’s how it works, how it’s calculated, and what to do if you can’t pay.

MTD ITSA first quarterly update explained for UK sole traders and landlords. Deadlines, what to file, and how CJL Accountancy can help.

The UK government has increased the statutory mileage rates from 6 April 2026 - here’s exactly what it means for you.

Choosing whether to operate as a sole trader (self-employed) or run a limited company remains one of the biggest decisions for UK business owners, and the answer is no longer as clear‑cut as it once was. With dividend tax increases, corporation tax now tiered and the introduction of Making Tax Digital (MTD), the landscape in 2026 looks very different from a few years ago. This updated guide explains the key differences, the latest tax rules, and what you need to consider if you’re thinking about incorporating or moving back to sole trader status. The Core Differences: Self‑Employed vs Limited Company Self‑Employed / Sole Trader You and the business are the same legal entity Profits are taxed via Self Assessment Straightforward setup and minimal admin Full personal liability for business debts Limited Company A separate legal entity Directors run the company; shareholders own it Profits are taxed at Corporation Tax rates Owners typically extract profits via salary + dividends More complex accounting and compliance Limited liability protection How Tax Has Shifted: Why the Gap Has Narrowed Dividend Tax Rates Have Increased Dividend tax has been rising over several years, reducing the traditional tax advantage of operating as a limited company. The tax‑free dividend allowance is now just £500, a big drop from the original £5,000. From 6 April 2026, the personal tax rates for dividends are: Basic rate: 10.75% Higher rate: 35.75% Additional rate: 39.35% This means the well‑known strategy of paying a small salary and taking the rest as dividends still works, but the savings are smaller than in the past. Corporation Tax Is Now Tiered Since 2023, Corporation Tax rates have been based on profit levels: 19% for profits under £50,000 25% for profits over £250,000 Marginal rate in between via tapering Note that the thresholds above reduce if the company has associated companies. While corporation tax is still generally lower than higher‑rate income tax, the gap has tightened. National Insurance (NI) Savings Still Exist Sole traders pay class 4 NI on profits above the threshold. Class 2 NI no longer needs to be paid. Employees (including directors) and the company pay class 1 NI on salaries above the thresholds, although there can be a reduction in the company NI if the Employment Allowance is available. No NI is payable on dividends. Making Tax Digital (MTD): A Key Factor for Sole Traders MTD for Income Tax Self Assessment starts from April 2026. Requirements include: Digital record‑keeping Quarterly submissions End‑of‑period finalisation This introduces new admin and potential software costs for self‑employed individuals. The latest from HMRC is that companies will not be required to comply with MTD, although annual accounts and corporation tax returns still need to be filed electronically. Incorporation If you've been self-employed and would like to incorporate, you may trigger a capital gains event when transferring your business into a company, depending on your circumstances. Incorporation relief may be available which effectively defers the tax. Professional guidance ensures you structure incorporation tax‑efficiently. Disincorporation: Moving Back to Sole Trader With higher dividend taxes and the narrowing of tax benefits, some business owners are now considering moving back to trading as a sole trader. It's important that you get professional advice on this as you may need to pay tax at income tax rates when moving from a company to self-employed. So… Which Structure Is Better in 2026? There’s no universal answer, but recent tax changes mean the “best” structure depends more on your circumstances than ever. A Limited Company Might Suit You If: ✔ Your profits are above £50,000 ✔ You want to keep profits in the company ✔ You need limited liability protection ✔ You plan to grow, scale, or bring in shareholders ✔ Your industry expects a company structure Self‑Employment Might Suit You If: ✔ Your profits are below £50,000 ✔ You value simplicity Final Thoughts Recent tax changes have shifted the balance but haven’t eliminated the benefits of incorporation entirely. The “best” structure depends on: Your profit level Whether you reinvest or withdraw income Your risk position How much admin you’re comfortable with Your long‑term goals If you’re unsure, the best next step is a personalised review of your business finances and future plans. Get in touch if you'd like tailored advice on the right structure for your business in 2026.

For many small limited companies, especially those with one director-shareholder, the most tax‑efficient way to take income is usually a mix of salary and dividends. While the principles stay broadly the same each year, key thresholds do sometimes change, and those changes can affect everything from your personal tax bill to childcare entitlements. Below is an overview of what to consider for the 2026/27 tax year. 💡 This is general guidance only. Your ideal setup may differ depending on your wider income, benefits, rental properties, pensions, and more, so always take advice tailored to you. Director Salary Options for 2026/27 Director salaries normally fall into one of two efficient ranges: A) Salary up to the personal allowance (£12,570) This is often used when the only person on the payroll is a director, so the company does not qualify for the Employment Allowance. This level: Keeps you within the National Insurance credits system (protecting your State Pension record) Minimises tax and NI B) Higher salary when the Employment Allowance applies If your company has more than one director or another employee on payroll, you may be eligible for the Employment Allowance, which reduces employer’s NI by up to £10,500. In these cases, taking a higher salary can be more tax‑efficient because: Employer’s NI is covered by the Employment Allowance You get more corporation tax relief on the salary This option isn’t available for single-director companies with no other eligible staff. In some situations - particularly where there are two directors, Employment Allowance is available, and the business wants to extract higher levels of income - salaries of up to around £40,000 each can be more tax‑efficient. This depends heavily on your wider income, allowances and business profits, so it should always be checked with your accountant. Dividends for 2026/27 If you're looking to take any further income from your company after the salaries, you would take dividends, although they can only be paid when you have enough profit in the company. Dividends are taken from post tax profits which means that you don't get tax relief on them like you do for salaries. You should also make sure that dividends are declared in accordance with your shareholdings if there are more than one shareholders. The dividend tax rates in the basic rate band will increase to 10.75% (previously 8.75%) and 35.75% (previously 33.75%) from 6 April 2026. Other Considerations Personal allowance The tax-free personal allowance is £12,570, but you lose £1 of personal allowance for every £2 earned over £100,000. If your total income (salary + dividends + any other income) exceeds £100,000, your personal allowance tapers away. This creates an effective tax rate of 60% within the £100,000-£125,140 band, making careful planning essential. Child Benefit & Tax-Free Childcare Interactions You may need to pay back some or all of your Child Benefit if your adjusted net income exceeds £60,000. Dividends count towards this, which often catches directors by surprise. Tax-free childcare eligibility is based on both parents working, earning the minimum threshold (as salary, not dividends) and not earning over £100k (total income). So again, this is a key reason why personalised planning is essential. How Much Do you Need (or Want) Think about how much income you need (or want) your company to provide and speak to your accountant and the best way to optimise this whilst taking into account your personal circumstances and goals. Don't forgot to use other tax-efficient ways to extract profits from your company such as pension contributions, relevant life insurance, trivial benefits etc. Check out our previous blogs for more information on these. Final Reminder: Always Take Advice This article is general guidance only, tax rules are complicated, and the right salary/dividend balance varies person‑to‑person. If you're unsure what’s best for your situation, speak to your accountant, or if you’d like help from CJL Accountancy, we’d be happy to walk you through the best setup for the 2026/27 tax year. Contact us here .

With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), many business owners are tempted to use automated tools for bookkeeping, accounts, tax returns, and financial management. AI can seem like a quick, cheap solution, but is it really enough? The answer: not for the complex, personalised work your business needs. What AI Can Do AI tools are great at handling repetitive tasks, such as: Categorising transactions and receipts automatically Generating reports and summaries of your accounts Highlighting potential errors or anomalies Suggesting basic tax calculations For straightforward tasks, AI can save time, but those tasks need setting up correctly and reviewing. There’s also more to accounting than just numbers. Why You Still Need a Human Accountant Here’s why relying solely on AI can put your business at risk: Understanding Your Unique Situation Every business is different. Accountants don’t just process numbers, they interpret them in the context of your specific goals, industry, and circumstances. AI can’t offer advice tailored to your business strategy. Navigating Complex Tax Rules HMRC rules are constantly changing. A human accountant can make sense of allowances, reliefs, and deadlines, helping you pay the right tax while maximising savings. AI tools can make mistakes if your situation doesn’t fit a standard template, and it relies on historic information so can miss updates. Managing Risks and Compliance Accountants are trained to spot risks, prevent errors, and handle disputes with HMRC. If you rely only on AI, mistakes can slip through unnoticed, potentially leading to penalties or fines. Providing Strategic Advice Accountants do more than just numbers, they help you plan for growth, improve cash flow, and make informed decisions. AI cannot replace this human judgement and experience. Peace of Mind Knowing a qualified accountant is managing your accounts means less stress and more confidence. AI can’t give you reassurance or explain your accounts in plain English. The Smart Approach: AI + Accountant The most effective solution isn’t choosing AI or an accountant, it’s combining the two. At CJL Accountancy, we use the latest technology to streamline your accounts and reduce manual work, while our team provides the insight, advice, and personal service AI can’t match. Bottom line: AI can assist, but it cannot replace the expertise, judgement, and human connection of a professional accountant. For peace of mind, accuracy, and better business decisions, hiring an accountant is still the smartest choice. 📞 Get in touch today for friendly, professional support with your business.

As we head towards 5 April 2026, now is the perfect time to review your finances and ensure you’re making full use of the allowances and reliefs available for the 2025/26 tax year. Smart planning before year end can significantly reduce your tax bill, and for many business owners, it can also improve cash flow and support long‑term financial goals. Below is a simple, user‑friendly guide to the key areas to review. 1. Maximise Your Allowances Each tax year, you’re entitled to various tax-free allowances, and if you don’t use them, you lose them. Some key allowances to consider: Personal Allowance - the first £12,570 of your income is tax-free. Ensure you’re making full use of it, especially if your income fluctuates. Dividend Allowance - if you receive dividend income, the first £500 is tax-free. Personal Savings Allowance - up to £1,000 for basic rate taxpayers and £500 for higher rate taxpayers of tax-free interest income. Trading Allowance - up to £1,000 of tax-free gross income per year from self-employment. Property Allowance - up to £1,000 of tax-free gross income per year from rentals. Rent-A-Room Relief - if you let a room in your home, up to £7,500 per year can be received tax-free. 2. Make the Most of Pension Contributions Pension contributions remain one of the most tax‑efficient ways to reduce your tax bill. Benefits include: Income tax relief Possible reduction of the high‑income child benefit charge Potential restoration of the Personal Allowance For many business owners, employer pension contributions can also be a deductible business expense - a powerful tool for corporation tax planning. 3. Maximise Your ISA Allowances Every adult has a £20,000 ISA allowance for 2025/26. Using it means: Tax‑free interest Tax‑free dividends Tax‑free capital gains If you haven’t used your allowance yet, topping up before 5 April ensures you don’t lose it, ISA allowances cannot be carried forward. 4. Capital Gains Tax Allowance The annual exempt amount for Capital Gains Tax is still £3,000. If you’re considering selling investments outside of an ISA, property or other assets, check whether making disposals before 5 April would: Use your annual CGT allowance Take advantage of lower income levels in this tax year Allow you to rebalance investment portfolios more tax‑efficiently Spreading disposals over two tax years (e.g., March and April) can also be beneficial. 5. Married Couples & Civil Partners: Don’t Forget Transfers Check the following: Marriage Allowance (if one person's income is below £12,570 and the other is a basic rate taxpayer) Transferring assets to make use of both partners’ CGT allowances and basic rates Holding assets in the name of the lower‑rate taxpayer to reduce tax on interest or dividends Simple planning can often lead to meaningful savings. 6. Company Directors: Review Salaries and Dividends If you run your own limited company, review your remuneration strategy before 5 April. Consider: Have you taken the optimal mix of salary and dividends for tax efficiency? Should dividends be brought forward before the dividend tax rate increase? Getting this right can save hundreds or even thousands in tax. 7. Self‑Employed? Review Expenses Before Year End If you’re self-employed or in a partnership, check whether: Any business expenses can be brought forward You need to invest in equipment that qualifies for capital allowances You’ve set aside enough for the July payment on account You’re affected by Making Tax Digital for Income Tax from April 2026 - see our blog on this here A year‑end review can help stabilise cash flow and avoid surprises. 8. Consider Gift Aid Donations Charitable giving doesn’t just support good causes, it can also help with tax planning. Gift Aid donations: Extend your basic rate band Reduce higher‑rate tax Potentially help reclaim your Personal Allowance If you’re charitable anyway, getting the timing right can save tax. Final Checks Before 5 April A quick run‑through of the essentials: Have you maximised allowances that can’t be carried forward? Are your pensions and ISAs topped up? Directors - are your salary and dividends optimised for tax? Self-employed - are your records up to date (invoices, receipts, payroll)? Need help reviewing your tax position? Tax year end is the ideal time for a quick financial health check. If you’d like tailored advice for your business or personal tax affairs, CJL Accountancy is always happy to help you make the most of your allowances and keep things simple. 📞 Get in touch today to book a free consultation.

Growing a business is exciting, but without a solid financial plan, growth can quickly turn into strain. A clear, realistic budget helps you stay in control of cash flow, make confident decisions, and ensure your business can scale sustainably. Below is an easy‑to‑follow guide created for UK small business owners looking to budget smarter. Why Budgeting Matters for Business Growth Budgeting isn’t about restricting your business, it’s about enabling growth. A good budget allows you to: Allocate resources strategically Identify affordability before committing to new costs Spot cash flow gaps early Plan for investment and expansion Make informed decisions backed by data In short: budgeting gives you control, not constraints. 1. Start With Your Current Financial Position Before planning ahead, understand where your business stands today. Review: Profit and loss trends - look at (at least) 12 months of revenue, gross profit, overheads and net profit. Cash flow patterns - seasonal sales, slow-paying customers, or VAT deadlines can all affect available cash. Key cost drivers - staff costs, materials, and marketing expenses are common areas of change as you grow. This foundation helps you create realistic future projections, not optimistic guesses. 2. Forecast Your Revenue Accurately Growth begins with understanding where increased income will come from. Break revenue forecasts down into: Products or services Customer types Sales channels Price changes Then consider factors like: Market trends Capacity to deliver Planned investments (e.g., new staff or equipment) Economic conditions Lead times for new sales Tip: Use three scenarios - best case, expected case, and cautious case. This ensures you’re prepared for ups and downs. 3. Plan Your Costs - Both Fixed and Variable As businesses grow, costs can rise quickly and unexpectedly. Budgeting for them avoids cash flow surprises. Fixed costs include: Rent Insurance Software subscriptions Loan repayments Variable costs include: Materials Freelancers/contractors Sales commissions Packaging/delivery costs Growth‑related costs to plan for: Hiring staff Increasing stock Upgrading equipment or software Additional marketing spend Professional fees Forecast these carefully so you know exactly what you can afford. 4. Don’t Forget Tax Obligations Many businesses forget to budget for taxes, then panic when the bill arrives. Key ones to factor in: Corporation Tax (19–25% depending on profits) VAT (if registered) - also keep an eye on revenue and the VAT threshold if you're not registered yet PAYE and NICs for staff - including any additional hires Setting money aside monthly avoids unwanted surprises. 5. Monitor and Adjust Your Budget Monthly Your budget shouldn’t sit in a drawer. Review it monthly so you can: Compare budget vs. actuals Identify overspending early Adjust spend based on revenue Respond to market changes Reallocate resources to what’s working Consistent reviews make your budget a living, breathing growth tool, not a static document. 6. Plan for Cash Flow, Not Just Profit A profitable business can still run out of cash. Growth often causes cash pressure due to: Higher stock levels Bigger payroll Longer customer payment terms Upfront investment in marketing or equipment Use a rolling 12‑month cash flow forecast to track: When money is due in When payments go out Peaks and troughs in available funds Cash flow visibility is key for confident growth. 7. Build a Growth Fund or “Opportunity Pot” Set aside a percentage of profits each month into a dedicated pot for: Expansion New product development Extra staff Technology upgrades Marketing pushes This avoids borrowing every time you want to take the business to the next level. 8. Use Technology to Stay in Control Modern accounting software makes budgeting much easier. Tools like Xero, Sage, Quickbooks allow you to: Generate forecasts Track actuals vs budget Monitor cash flow Spot trends instantly 9. Get Professional Support When Planning for Growth As your business expands, financial decisions become more complex. Working with a Chartered Accountant can help you: Set realistic budgets Forecast cash flow Identify tax‑efficient strategies Understand the numbers clearly Make confident, informed decisions Growth is simpler when you have expert guidance. Final Thoughts A well-planned budget is one of the most valuable tools for business growth. It helps you stay in control, plan ahead, and make smart financial decisions with confidence. With the right structure, forecasting, and regular reviews, your budget becomes more than numbers, it becomes your roadmap to sustainable, profitable growth. Need Help Managing Your Growth? CJL Accountancy can help you set up better systems, understand your numbers, and make informed financial decisions. 📞 Get in touch today to book a free consultation.

Why Cash Flow Matters More Than Profit Many small businesses focus on profit, but it’s cash flow that keeps your business alive day to day. Even profitable businesses can run into trouble if they don’t have enough cash to cover expenses like rent, payroll or supplier invoices. Cash flow management is about understanding where your money is coming from, where it’s going, and when. Managing it well helps you plan ahead, reduce surprises, and make confident business decisions. 1. Forecast Your Cash Flow A cash flow forecast is one of the most powerful tools for business owners. It gives you visibility over your expected income and outgoings for the next few months so you can see potential shortfalls early. You don’t need anything complicated: a simple spreadsheet or software like Xero can help you track and project your cash position. Tip: Review your forecast monthly (or weekly during busy periods) and update it as new information comes in. 2. Get Paid Faster Late payments are one of the biggest threats to healthy cash flow. Invoice quickly - don’t wait until month-end. Use online payments - make it easy for clients to pay instantly. Set clear payment terms - include due dates and late payment penalties. Send friendly reminders - automated email nudges work wonders. If you’re a limited company, linking your accounting software to your invoicing system (for example, Xero + Stripe or GoCardless) can speed things up dramatically. 3. Control Your Outgoings Keeping track of expenses can be tricky when you’re busy, but it’s essential for good cash flow management. Review subscriptions and software costs regularly - cancel what you don’t use. Negotiate better payment terms with suppliers. Delay large purchases until you know your cash position is strong. Separate business and personal spending to keep things clear for tax and accounting. 4. Build a Cash Buffer Unexpected costs happen - a client pays late, a big bill lands, or business slows down. Having a cash reserve can keep your business steady during lean months. Aim to save at least one to three months’ worth of expenses. Set up a separate savings account and transfer a small percentage of every invoice you receive. 5. Use Cloud Accounting Tools Digital tools like Xero, QuickBooks, and FreeAgent make cash flow management easier than ever. They connect directly to your bank, automate reconciliations, and show your real-time cash position at a glance. 6. Keep on Top of Taxes VAT, PAYE, and Corporation Tax can take a big bite out of your cash flow if you don’t plan for them. Set money aside regularly for tax, ideally in a separate account. Your accountant can help estimate what you’ll owe each quarter so you’re never caught off guard. 7. Get Professional Advice Early If your cash flow is tight, don’t wait until it becomes a crisis. A good accountant can help you: Review your financial position Create realistic forecasts Identify areas for improvement Plan ahead for tax and growth At CJL Accountancy, we work closely with business owners to strengthen their finances, simplify bookkeeping, and keep cash flowing smoothly. Final Thoughts Cash flow management isn’t just about survival, it’s about creating stability and freedom in your business. With clear visibility, smart tools, and the right support, you can take control of your finances and plan for long-term success. Need Help Managing Your Cash Flow? CJL Accountancy can help you set up better systems, understand your numbers, and make informed financial decisions. 📞 Get in touch today to book a free consultation.